The “Russia 2045” project is a social movement and an online community with a trans-humanistic focus and advocating for human development, including by accelerating technological progress and integrating modern technologies, essentially cyborgising a person and creating a new kind of “non-humanity”.

At present, artificial intelligence is not a subject of law in any jurisdiction and is not capable of lawfully exercising its rights and legal obligations, i.e. does not have legal personality, with the exception of the robot Sofia, which the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia granted citizenship to, but this is more a public relations action than the actual provision of civil rights to the robot.

However, robots and artificial intelligence are increasingly penetrating our lives. According to the International Federation of Robotics, the market for industrial robots is growing incredibly fast. In 2016, their sales reached almost 300,000 units. Nine years ago, this figure was almost half. As a result, the volume of this market alone was $ 13 billion, and taking into account the adjacent software and component markets - all $ 40 billion.

In Europe, attempts are already being made to regulate robots and artificial intelligence, for example, in February 2017 European Parliament adopted a resolution “Civil Law Standards on Robotics”. The document, consisting of more than a hundred points, is devoted to various aspects and problems of robotics and artificial intelligence.

In particular, the introduction of a pan-European system of registration of smart machines is proposed.

According to the plan, individual categories of robots should be assigned an individual registration number, which will be recorded in a special register. In the register, anyone will be able to find detailed information about the robot, including data on the manufacturer, owner and conditions for the payment of compensation in the event of harm. The system maintenance and control should be handled by a specialized agency for robotics and artificial intelligence, which could take on other aspects of regulation in this area.

In addition, the European Parliament rightly noted that one of the fastest growing areas remains the robotization (cyborgization) of the human body, which leads to an increase in our dependence on gadgets.

The basic legal regulation, which will establish a legal regime in the field of technologies based on artificial intelligence and robotics, is proposed to be introduced in Russia in a period of up to five years. This follows from a study prepared under the Digital Economy program.

So, it is proposed to highlight the universal and special legal principles, depending on the degree of public danger of the type of robot. "For robots of increased social danger, it may be advisable to apply additional rules (black box, red button, cancel the action, go into emergency mode, etc.)," the document says.

At the same time, the universal mode can be applied to the whole sphere of robotics and artificial intelligence technologies, in particular, adherence to the principles of robot safety, control of the robot by humans, prohibition of harm by robots, and respect for the confidentiality of their design.

"In essence, this is a study in which conceptual foundations of the legal regulation of artificial intelligence are proposed, including responsibility for the harm caused by it, as well as providing for the necessary legislative changes aimed at stimulating the development of smart robotics," the study team leader commented on the results. Normative regulation "under the ANO" Digital Economy ", vice president of corporate and legal issues of MTS Ruslan Ibrahimov.

In addition, it is assumed that robots and artificial intelligence can be endowed with the status of a subject of law. Hypothetically, this can happen not earlier than in five years and will depend on "the speed of development of technologies of robotics and technologies of artificial intelligence, as well as the real requirements of civilian traffic and the availability of alternatives for this approach."

At the moment, the sphere of robotics and artificial intelligence has practically no state control mechanisms. In this regard, experts propose to create a specialized state body that can control the processes of creation, functioning and development of this sphere.

However, it is worth noting that currently created software, operating systems and software systems for computers are also subject to copyright and protected by law (Art. 1261 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation). But is software artificial intelligence?

Artificial intelligence is the property of intelligent systems to perform creative functions that are traditionally considered the prerogative of man; science and technology of creating intelligent machines, especially intelligent computer programs. One of the specific definitions of intelligence common to humans and “machines” can be formulated as follows: “Intelligence is the ability of a system to create (primarily heuristic) programs during self-study) to solve problems of a certain complexity class and solve these tasks.